.NET FRAMEWORK ARCHITECTURE

.NET FRAMEWORK ARCHITECTURE

BCL is a set of library function that is provided in common for all the .net languages.

ADO.net is a technology that is used for communication with databases.

ASP.net is a technology for developing WEB application using .net languages.

WIN FORM is used in the development of graphical user interfaces

WPF windows presentation foundation is all so used in the development of GUI only with support for graphics, animation 2 dimensional and three dimensional imagine.

WCF is stand for windows communication foundation is used in the development of distributed application.

WWF – windows workflow foundation.

LINQ( language integrated query), it is used for communication with SQL server database apart from AVO.net whereas LINQ is simple and easy for programming then AVO.net.

Avo.net entity framework provides added fetchers to ADO.net which is available traditional.

CLR is the core component of .nets framework which is responsible for execution of .net applications it contains various think in it like-

1. Security manager whose tack cares of application security,
2. CLASS LOADER – This is responsible for loading of required library
3. JIT Compiler (JUST IN TIME COMPILER) is responsible in converting IL code into machine code. In this problem to improvise the performance of compilation it adopts few optimization techniques like – conversion gradually during the program execution and also storing of machine code in the memory for consuming it for next time.
4. Garbage collector is responsible for memory management which is a process of allocating and de-allocating the memory that is required for a program.

Managing memory is very critical for a system in this process it used as garbage collector that provides implicit memory management (automatic memory management when compiled with manual memory management that is explicit allocation and de-allocation.

Garbage collector when it finds unused objects in the program treats them as garbage and destroys immediately. Garbage collector was invented by john mecheciv in the year 1959 to resolve the problems of manual memory management

COM component object model

COM component object model   It is a specification from Microsoft which advises never built software as a monolithic unit in spite it tells building of software by dividing it into smaller library and then build it as software.

The advantage of building software using a COM architecture will be like –

1. maintenance of the software easier.
2. reusability – which allows using a library or component under multiple software 

COM Interoperability - Com component or library were unmanaged so OS dependent . When Microsoft introduce .net it has straight away provided tools to the industry which can convert Com libraries into managed version and then consumed under .net application development.

The managed version of the COM library is known as RCW (runtime callable wrapper ) . in the same thing it also providing option for converting .net libraries into unmanaged version CCW( com callable wrapper ) for consuming the under COM application.

Concerns and criticism related to .NET-

1. Managed applications that executes under the .net framework CLR or JAVA JVM required more system resources when compiled with unmanaged applications but some applications have however shows to performance better in managed version when compiled wit unmanaged version.
2. In a managed environment such as the Microsoft framework CLR or JAVA’s JVM the regularly accruing garbage collection for reclaiming memory suspends execution of the application for an unpredictable waits of time typically not more than few milliseconds.
3. As JIT languages can be more easily reveres engrained them machine code to source code used by an application ,so there is concern over possible loss of trade secrete many obfuscation techniques already developed however can help to prevent this . Indeed Microsoft visual studio 2005 (.net 2.0) includes such a tool.
4. Since the framework is not preinstalled on older versions of windows an application is required is must verified that it is present or not.
5. Newer versions of the framework 3.0 and up) are not preinstalled on any version of the windows OS and some developers have expressed concerns about the large size.

C Sharp programming language

C Sharp programming language – it is an object-oriented programming language developed by Microsoft, as the part of the .net initiative and later approved as a standard by ECMA and ISO.

ANDERs Hejlsberg leads development of the language which have procedural object oriented syntax based on the C++ and includes influences from several other programming languages most importantly DEPIN and JAVA With a particular emphasis on simplification.

History Of the Language – during the development of .net class library were originally written in a language called Simple Managed C (SMC). In January 1999 Anders Hejlsberg formed a team to build a new language at that time called Cool later the language has been renamed C# and the class library as well as ASP.net runtime have been posted to C#.

C#’s principal designer and led architect Anders Hejlsberg, has previously invoked with the design of visual J++, Borland Delphi and the turbo Pascal languages. In interviews and technical papers he has state it that flows in most major programming languages like C++, JAVA, DELPHI, and SMALLTALK drove the fundamentals of CLR, which in turn draw the design of C# programming language itself

Design goals -

1. The ECMA standard list this design goal for C# , it is intended to be simple , modern , general purpose and Object oriented programming language.
2. The language should include strong type checking, array bounds checking, detection of attempts to used uninitialized variables, source code portability and automatic garbage collector.
3. The language is intended for used in developing software component that can take advantages of distributed environment.
4. Programmer portability is very important as specially for those programmers already familiar with C and C++.
5. Support for internationalization is very important.
6. C# is intended to be suitable for writing applications for both hosted and embedded systems.

           Versions of Language C#-

            1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0.

Feature of C# 2.0-

1. Partial classes which allow class implementation across more than one source field.
2. Generics or parameterized type.
3. Static class that cannot be instantiated and that only allows static members.
4. Anonymous delegates,
5. The accessibility of property assessors can be set independently.
6. Null able value types , which provides improved interaction with SQL databases.
7. Coalesce operator (??) Returns the first of its operant’s which is not NULL and NULL , if no such operant exist

Features of C# 3.0-

1. Language Integrated Query (LINQ)
2. Object initializers and collection initializers.
3. Anonymous types.
4. Implicitly typed arrays.
5. Lambda expressions.
6. Automatic properties.
7. Extension methods.
8. Partial methods.

      Features of C# 4.0 –

1.       Dynamic programming.
2.       Named and optional parameters.
3.       Covariance and contraverians.
4.     . Dynamic lookups.
5.      Indexed properties.
6.     Com’s specific interop features.

       Programming Structure under various programming languages.

C programming –

Collection of members

Void main () <- entry point

{

Call the members from here for execution

}

     C is a procedural programming language, which consists of variable and functions (members) in it. The member which we define in the programming gets executed when we explicitly called them from main function.

     NOTE- most of the programming languages starts their execution from main which is considers as the entry point for your program.

      Procedural programming language doesn’t provide code security and code reusability.

      To resolve the drawbacks of procedural programming in 70s object oriented languages came in to existence which provides security and reusability of the code.

      In an object oriented program the members are defined not directly with in the program, but under a container and wrapper known as class, which provide the basic security for content inside it. 

   

      A class is a user defines type. And to consume the members of a class we required to create an object of the class and using the object members of the class can be invoked.

      Note- a type can never be consumed directly because they do not having any memory allocation so for consume the type we need to create a copy of the type.

     Int = 100; //invalid

     Int X =100; // valid

     Test t;

      t.add(100,50);

      As a class is also a type. The same rule applies to class also, so consume a class we need to first create a copy of the class which is referred as object.

CPP Program- -Class example { Collection of members }; Void main < --entry point { -create the object of class      -using the object invoke members of class }