Indexers , Delegates

Indexers

These are near similar to Properties that are used for providing access to an array outside of the class. Once an Indexer is defined on a class the object of that class will work like an array providing access to the values of array i.e. defined inside it.

- Add a class IndexerDemo.cs and write the following:

using System; namespace oopsProject {     public class IndexerDemo     {         //Private array declaretion         string[] arr;         public IndexerDemo(int size)         {         // initializing array with a size             arr = new string[size];         // Assigning the default value to array             for (int i = 0; i < size; i++)                 arr[i] = "empty";         }         // defining an indexer to access the array out of the class         public string this[int index]         {             get { return arr[index]; }             set { arr[index] = value; }         }     } }

Add a class TestIndexer.cs and write the following:

using System; namespace oopsProject {     class TestIndexer     {                 static void Main()         {             IndexerDemo obj = new IndexerDemo(6);             for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) ;             Console.Write(obj[i] +" ");             Console.WriteLine();             obj[1] = "red"; obj[3] = "blue"; obj[5] = "green";             for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++) ;             Console.Write( obj[i] + " ");             Console.ReadLine();                 }         public static int i { get; set; }     } }

Delegates

• These are similar to function pointers, which are avilabel in our traditional languages like C and C++ which provides an option to invoke a function with them, which will be faster in execution.
• These function pointers are provided under .net languages in a form of Delegates which can be referred as pointer to the method.
• Invocation of a method can be done in Two different ways –

                     I.   We can invoke a method directly using object of the class.

                     II.  We can invoke a method without object of a class using a Delegate, which is faster in                  execution when compared with first process.

Note – A Delegate is also a type (Reference type).

Using Delegates: - To use a delegate adopt blow process.

Step 1:

Delegate Declearetion: - Here we need to declare a delegate for invoking the method where IO parameters for the Delegate should matched with IO parameters of Method it has to call.

Syntax – 

[<modifiers>] delegate <void |type> <name> [<param def’s>]

Eg:-

public void Add (int x, int y) { Console.WriteLine(x +y); } public delegate void AddDel( int x, int y);

Eg:-2

public string SayHello (string name) { return “Hello “ + name; } public delegate string SayDel(string name);

Step 2:

Creating Object of Delegate: - as a delegate is also a type, to consume it we need to create object of it. While creating the object we need to pass the method as a parameter to its constructor, which we want to call using the delegate.

AddDel ad = new AddDel(Add); SayDel sd = new SayDel(SayHello);

Step 3:

Invoking the Delegate to Execute the Method: - Now we can call the delegate for any number of times so that the method gets executed, where each delegate uses a separate Stack to execute the method for any number of times.

ad (100,50) ; ad (1046,54) ; ad (237,265) ; sd (“xxx”); sd (“yyy”); sd (“zzz”);

Note – A delegate can be declared either within a namespace or within a class also.

Add a class DelClass.cs and write the following:

using System; namespace oopsProject {     class DelClass     {         public string SayHello(String name)         {             return "Hello " + name;         }         public delegate string SayDel(string name);         static void Main()         {             DelClass obj = new DelClass();             SayDel sd = new SayDel(obj.SayHello);             Console.WriteLine(sd("prabhu"));             Console.WriteLine(sd("nitya"));             Console.WriteLine(sd("choure"));             Console.ReadLine();         }     } }

Delegetes are of two types

• Uni-cast or Single-Cast delegates
• Multi- Cast delegates

- If a delegate is used for invoking only a single method, it is a single cast delegate.

- If we can use a delegate for invoking more than one method also i.e. a multi-cast delegate, but if we want to invoke multiple methods using a single delegate then all the method should have the same io parameters.

 - Add a class MultiDel.cs and write the following

using System; namespace oopsProject {     class MultiDel     {         public void Add(int x, int y)         {             Console.WriteLine("Add : " + (x + y));         }         public void sub(int x, int y)         {             Console.WriteLine("sub : " + (x - y));         }         public void mul(int x, int y)         {             Console.WriteLine("mul : " + (x * y));         }         public void div(int x, int y)         {             Console.WriteLine("div : " + (x / y));         }         static void Main()         {             MultiDel obj = new MultiDel();             Math m = new Math(obj.Add);             m += obj.sub; m += obj.mul; m += obj.div;             m(100, 50);             Console.WriteLine();             m(1844, 5230);             Console.WriteLine();             m -= obj.mul;             m(1023, 523);             Console.WriteLine();             Console.ReadLine();         }     } }

Note – The advantage with multicast delegate is, a single delegate call will execute all the method that is bound to it at a time.